NETHERLANDS / SALARY

SALARY SURVEYS

1,581

UPDATED
April 2024
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AVERAGE SALARY / YEAR

MOST TYPICAL SALARY / YEAR

Gross income

Net (after tax)

0.91 EUR = 1 USD

€66,879 EUR

$73,863 USD

Amsterdam

€69,238 EUR

€42,556 EUR

$47,000 USD

Including "Amsterdam"

Excluding "Amsterdam"

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Average Salary / Netherlands

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Average salary in Netherlands is €66,879 EUR per year. The most typical earning is €42,556 EUR. All data are based on 1,581 salary surveys. Salaries are different between men and women. Men receive an average salary of €69,991 EUR. Women receive a salary of €57,314 EUR.

The most paid careers are Health Care & Medical with average income €94,800 EUR and Management & Business with income €87,557 EUR.

Based on education, the highest salaries receive people with Doctorate Degree with salary of €74,790 EUR. The second most paid education level is Masters Degree with salary of €69,266 EUR.

Different experiences affect earning as well. People with 20+ Years of experience receive salary of €97,969 EUR. Employees with 16-20 Years of experience receive €92,536 EUR.

Levels / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

Salary Levels (EUR) per Year	Surveys	[%]
€9,100 EUR - €13,599 EUR	0	n/a
€13,600 EUR - €18,099 EUR	9	100% 0.57%
€18,100 EUR - €22,599 EUR	28	99.43% 1.77%
€22,600 EUR - €27,199 EUR	40	97.66% 2.53%
€27,200 EUR - €31,699 EUR	76	95.13% 4.81%
€31,700 EUR - €36,199 EUR	82	90.32% 5.19%
€36,200 EUR - €40,699 EUR	115	85.14% 7.27%
THE MOST TYPICAL SALARY
€40,700 EUR - €45,299 EUR	120	77.86% 7.59%
€45,300 EUR - €49,799 EUR	107	70.27% 6.77%
€49,800 EUR - €54,299 EUR	99	63.5% 6.26%
€54,300 EUR - €58,899 EUR	102	57.24% 6.45%
€58,900 EUR - €63,399 EUR	120	50.79% 7.59%
€63,400 EUR - €67,899 EUR	86	43.2% 5.44%
€67,900 EUR - €72,399 EUR	70	37.76% 4.43%
€72,400 EUR - €76,999 EUR	84	33.33% 5.31%
€77,000 EUR - €81,499 EUR	66	28.02% 4.17%
€81,500 EUR - €85,999 EUR	51	23.85% 3.23%
€86,000 EUR - €90,499 EUR	40	20.62% 2.53%
€90,500 EUR - €95,099 EUR	33	18.09% 2.09%
€95,100 EUR - €99,599 EUR	36	16% 2.28%
€99,600 EUR - €104,099 EUR	25	13.73% 1.58%
€104,100 EUR - €108,699 EUR	16	12.14% 1.01%
€108,700 EUR - €113,199 EUR	21	11.13% 1.33%
€113,200 EUR - €117,699 EUR	15	9.8% 0.95%
€117,700 EUR - €122,199 EUR	18	8.86% 1.14%
€122,200 EUR - €126,799 EUR	23	7.72% 1.45%
€126,800 EUR - €131,299 EUR	6	6.26% 0.38%
€131,300 EUR - €135,799 EUR	11	5.88% 0.7%
HIGH SALARIES
€135,800 EUR - €144,899 EUR	13	5.19% 0.82%
€144,900 EUR - €153,899 EUR	12	4.36% 0.76%
€153,900 EUR - €162,999 EUR	14	3.61% 0.89%
€163,000 EUR - €171,999 EUR	9	2.72% 0.57%
€172,000 EUR - €181,099 EUR	6	2.15% 0.38%
€181,100 EUR - €190,099 EUR	8	1.77% 0.51%
€190,100 EUR - €199,199 EUR	4	1.27% 0.25%
€199,200 EUR - €208,299 EUR	4	1.01% 0.25%
€208,300 EUR - €217,299 EUR	3	0.76% 0.19%
€217,300 EUR - €226,399 EUR	3	0.57% 0.19%
€226,400 EUR - €316,899 EUR	5	0.38% 0.32%

Gender / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys		AVERAGE SALARY / YEAR
1	Men	1,062	€69,991 EUR
2	Women	413	€57,314 EUR

Education / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	Doctorate Degree	121	€74,790 EUR
2	Masters Degree	737	€69,266 EUR
3	Bachelors Degree	587	€64,739 EUR
4	Bellow H. School	1	€58,129 EUR
5	High School	62	€56,862 EUR
6	Some College	73	€55,775 EUR

Experience / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	20+ Years	167	€97,969 EUR
2	16-20 Years	115	€92,536 EUR
3	12-16 Years	169	€87,466 EUR
4	8-12 Years	264	€72,345 EUR
5	4-8 Years	312	€60,755 EUR
6	2-4 Years	266	€51,157 EUR
7	1-2 Years	158	€44,004 EUR
8	0-1 Year	130	€41,016 EUR

Age / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	56-60	31	€105,122 EUR
2	51-55	48	€100,595 EUR
3	46-50	88	€100,052 EUR
4	66-70	4	€91,903 EUR
5	41-45	124	€91,359 EUR
6	36-40	226	€77,144 EUR
7	71-75	1	€76,872 EUR
8	n/a	107	€72,979 EUR
9	31-35	356	€65,645 EUR
10	61-65	7	€62,113 EUR
11	26-30	418	€50,433 EUR
12	21-25	164	€41,197 EUR
13	14-20	7	€26,348 EUR

Work Type / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	Self Employed	60	€71,892 EUR
2	Permanent	1,204	€71,168 EUR
3	Contract	269	€52,063 EUR
4	Part Time	48	€36,308 EUR

Cities / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	The Hague	157	€73,160 EUR
2	Amsterdam	675	€69,266 EUR
3	Utrecht	131	€67,274 EUR
4	Rotterdam	206	€64,558 EUR
5	Tilburg	32	€63,109 EUR
6	Eindhoven	189	€62,566 EUR
7	--Other--	191	€60,484 EUR

Career Groups / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	Health Care & Medical	9	€94,800 EUR
2	Management & Business	226	€87,557 EUR
3	Engineers & Technicians IV	12	€80,494 EUR
4	Engineers & Technicians III	14	€78,411 EUR
5	Human Resources	78	€78,140 EUR
6	Health Care & Medical II	14	€77,959 EUR
7	Finance & Banking	105	€72,436 EUR
8	IT & Programming II	101	€71,802 EUR
9	Insurance	6	€69,266 EUR
10	Aviation & Shipping	14	€67,999 EUR
11	Marketing, Sales, Purchase	114	€67,908 EUR
12	Accounting & Administration	80	€67,546 EUR
13	IT & Programming	223	€66,822 EUR
14	Sports & Recreation	3	€66,278 EUR
15	Engineers & Technicians V	24	€64,830 EUR
16	Law	26	€62,294 EUR
17	Engineers & Technicians II	16	€61,298 EUR
18	Construction & Labor Workers	18	€60,665 EUR
19	Public Sector	11	€59,488 EUR
20	Salesmen & Saleswomen	17	€59,216 EUR
21	Organization & Coordination	25	€58,582 EUR
22	Education & University	39	€58,310 EUR
23	Making Design	24	€58,310 EUR
24	Fashion	2	€57,858 EUR
25	Engineers & Technicians	206	€55,051 EUR
26	Logistics, Road, Railway	42	€54,508 EUR
27	Properties & Real Estates	5	€51,701 EUR
28	Agriculture & Fishing	10	€49,618 EUR
29	Automobile	5	€48,169 EUR
30	Security & Fireguard	2	€47,445 EUR
31	Manufacturing & Labor Workers	18	€47,264 EUR
32	Media	11	€45,634 EUR
33	Architect Constructions	20	€45,544 EUR
34	Geography & Geodesy	4	€45,181 EUR
35	Customer Services	23	€44,095 EUR
36	Arts, Culture, Performance	4	€41,831 EUR
37	Hotels & Tourism	20	€29,155 EUR
38	Restaurants, Inns, Pubs	10	€27,254 EUR

Careers / Netherlands (Gross EUR)

#		Surveys
1	Director	41	€131,290 EUR
2	General Manager	12	€104,036 EUR
3	Finance Manager	18	€96,430 EUR
4	Program Manager	10	€91,359 EUR
5	Human Resources Manager	35	€91,088 EUR
6	Data Coordinator	7	€90,182 EUR
7	IT Manager	32	€90,001 EUR
8	Other Human Resource Career	15	€89,549 EUR
9	System Analyst	8	€89,458 EUR
10	Other IT Career	17	€87,104 EUR
11	Purchasing Manager	9	€85,836 EUR
12	Sales Manager	10	€85,112 EUR
13	Business Development Manager	21	€81,943 EUR
14	Manager	32	€78,321 EUR
15	Operations Manager	16	€77,597 EUR
16	Logistics Manager	13	€75,423 EUR
17	Lead Developer	12	€75,242 EUR
18	IT Project Manager	30	€73,975 EUR
19	Marketing Manager	15	€71,077 EUR
20	Other Finance Career	18	€70,987 EUR
21	Corporate Counsel Lawyer	7	€70,625 EUR
22	Civil Engineer	7	€69,538 EUR
23	Project Manager	24	€68,723 EUR
24	Mechanical Engineer Lead	10	€66,822 EUR
25	Technical Manager	9	€65,735 EUR
26	Oil & Gas Engineer	9	€65,554 EUR
27	Other Engineer Career	23	€65,373 EUR
28	Other Management Career	18	€65,192 EUR
29	Software Developer	55	€64,468 EUR
30	Software Engineer	35	€63,924 EUR
31	Marketing	10	€63,109 EUR
32	Customer Service Manager	8	€62,838 EUR
33	Chemical Engineer	13	€62,747 EUR
34	Engineering Manager	12	€62,657 EUR
35	Financial Analyst	29	€62,566 EUR
36	Human Resource	11	€61,480 EUR
37	Data-warehouse Engineer	12	€60,484 EUR
38	Risk Analyst	8	€60,302 EUR
39	Market Research	11	€60,121 EUR
40	Research Engineer	29	€59,216 EUR
41	IT Coordinator	11	€58,854 EUR
42	Java Developer	12	€58,310 EUR
43	Human Resource Hunter	8	€58,310 EUR
44	Purchaser	8	€55,956 EUR
45	Other Law Career	8	€55,594 EUR
46	Engineer	68	€55,141 EUR
47	Account Manager	7	€54,870 EUR
48	Accountant	10	€54,417 EUR
49	Electrical Engineer	22	€53,331 EUR
50	Other Education Career	10	€52,244 EUR
51	Other Logistics Career	10	€50,161 EUR
52	Business Manager	9	€47,445 EUR
53	Mechanical Engineer	39	€46,811 EUR
54	Architect	17	€44,638 EUR
55	Web Developer	9	€40,111 EUR
56	Logistics Coordinator	9	€38,481 EUR
57	Call Center	7	€34,226 EUR
58	Other Tourism Career	10	€29,789 EUR

People's individual salary examples (surveys)

Director Finance

Posted 12 January 2024
Key knowledge and tasks

"Accounting, controlling, treasury, fp&a, tax, management, strategy, business partner."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	€120,700 EUR

Business

Posted 11 January 2024
Key knowledge and tasks

"Import and export."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Tilburg	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	€51,600 EUR

Seo Specialist

Posted 21 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Intern."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
--Other--	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	€24,200 EUR

Software Engineer

Posted 19 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Kotlin, backend, microservices, aws, spring boot, data streams, kinesis, kafka."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
--Other--	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	€74,600 EUR

Sr Financial Coordinator

Posted 18 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Finance & accounting."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	€37,200 EUR

C&b Specialist

Posted 18 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"C&B, Reward Analytics, MS Office, Benchmarking."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	€53,300 EUR

Product Engineer

Posted 16 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Providing technical project documentation in CAD and innovating and automating workflow of our design department."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Tilburg	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	€32,700 EUR

Director

Posted 12 July 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Managing consulting projects."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	€101,800 EUR

Digital Project Manager

Posted 18 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Manage digital projects end to end."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	€54,800 EUR

It Specialist

Posted 18 May 2023
Key knowledge and tasks

"Coordinatination of implementation of IT and data projects."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	€63,800 EUR

Architect

Posted 29 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Architecture."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Expert	€81,500 EUR

Architect Junior

Posted 28 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Design."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Tilburg	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	€36,000 EUR

Hardware Engineer

Posted 13 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Design & Debug."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	€49,300 EUR

Project Engineer

Posted 13 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Project Managment."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Advanced	€48,400 EUR

Process Engineer

Posted 12 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Consulting & proposals."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
The Hague	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	€48,400 EUR

Associate Director

Posted 09 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Manage team of 200 staff."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Advanced	€97,800 EUR

Head Of People & Culture

Posted 08 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"HR Strategy, Talent Development, Learning & Development, Performance Management, Leadership Development, Team Coaching & Management, Employee Engagement."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Utrecht	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	€83,400 EUR

Assistant Front Office Manager

Posted 06 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Managing Front of House."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Some College	8-12 Years	Expert	€35,900 EUR

Jr Performance Marketeer

Posted 05 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Budgeting
strategy 
optimisation 
scale."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Rotterdam	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	€37,700 EUR

Business Marketing Director

Posted 04 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Marketing."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	€113,000 EUR

Procurement

Posted 02 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Sourcing."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Advanced	€58,800 EUR

Mechanical Engineer

Posted 02 September 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Specific work."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	€78,600 EUR

Tekla Modeler

Posted 30 August 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"3ds max, sketch up, photoshop, tekla structures, Autocad, word, excel, powerpoint."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Advanced	€30,800 EUR

Fa Engineer

Posted 27 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Failure analysis."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	€64,200 EUR

Lead Engineer

Posted 26 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Project management, electrical engineering."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
The Hague	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Intermediate	€58,000 EUR

Product Designer

Posted 25 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"UX/UI design."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Bachelors Degree	1-2 Years	Intermediate	€52,500 EUR

Interior Architect

Posted 24 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Design."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
--Other--	Masters Degree	2-4 Years	Intermediate	€28,500 EUR

It Security Manager

Posted 23 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"I gave a lot of data already, don't be too greedy."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Expert	€82,200 EUR

Product Specialist

Posted 21 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Data Analytics, Elasticsearxh/Kibana, Product development."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	€52,100 EUR

Telecom Engineer

Posted 20 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Cisco Verint Five9."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Some College	4-8 Years	Advanced	€72,400 EUR

Senior Manager

Posted 20 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Managing project, audit of financial statements."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	€69,400 EUR

Senior Privacy Consultant

Posted 20 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Privacy, data protection, legal drafting, legal advice, legal opinion, manager."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	€82,300 EUR

Financial Planning Analyst

Posted 18 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Analysis, Reporting."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Rotterdam	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	€41,100 EUR

Postdoc

Posted 15 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Materials scientist."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Eindhoven	Doctorate Degree	1-2 Years	Expert	€47,600 EUR

Lead Project Manager

Posted 12 July 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Team Lead
Project management
Gaming industry."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Bachelors Degree	8-12 Years	Advanced	€45,200 EUR

Content Writer

Posted 17 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Writing content."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Rotterdam	Bachelors Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	€33,100 EUR

Hr Manager

Posted 15 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Management Team
Development and implement the local HR plan, in alignment with the global vision
Ensure alignment with regional and global HR strategies, as well as local, state, and federal regulatory requirements
Advise executive management on HR related matters
Develop HR planning strategies in consultation with departmental managers
Responsible for employment agreements and confirmation letters to staff
Ensure complete, correct, and timely payroll processing 
Maintain employee records and keep HRM portals up to date
Manage and guide personnel related challenges like long term sick leave and settlements
The internal spokesperson of any HR matter for the employees and the management
Develop a recruitment process for different job categories
Advise on pay and other remuneration issues and undertake regular salary reviews
PIP/coaching/exit conversations with staff members
Identify training and development opportunities and arrange follow-up
Guide staff in case of sickness and manage legal process
Advice and assist with staff performance evaluations
Optimize HR processes
Manage HR related grants (BBL / WBSO)
employee insurances
Health & Safety."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
--Other--	Bachelors Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	€69,000 EUR

Finance Manager

Posted 15 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Various."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
The Hague	Bachelors Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	€92,500 EUR

Bi Consultant

Posted 14 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Programming, project management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Advanced	€52,600 EUR

Devops Messaging Engineer

Posted 14 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft Azure, Powershell, Terraform."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Utrecht	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	€116,800 EUR

Change Manager

Posted 13 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"I scope and manage projects from start to finish which affect the entire company. Change Management, stakeholder management, communication, process definition, coordination, configuration, etc."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Advanced	€56,500 EUR

Marketing Manager

Posted 11 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"All-round marketing tasks."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	€57,800 EUR

Registeraccountant

Posted 10 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Auditing SME companies."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Utrecht	Masters Degree	12-16 Years	Expert	€107,100 EUR

Analyst

Posted 10 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Underwriting."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	1-2 Years	Advanced	€58,400 EUR

Chief Data Officer

Posted 09 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Data management / governance."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	16-20 Years	Advanced	€194,700 EUR

Chapterlead

Posted 08 June 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Engineering and hr management."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	8-12 Years	Expert	€58,400 EUR

Commercial Real Estate Agent

Posted 30 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Selling homes in the higher end market."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	4-8 Years	Expert	€182,200 EUR

Finance Manager

Posted 30 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Bookkeeping."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Masters Degree	0-1 Year	Basic	€39,400 EUR

Sr. Staff Systems Reliability Engineer

Posted 26 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Data analysis, product support, hypervisors, product support."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
The Hague	High School	4-8 Years	Expert	€108,300 EUR

Bim Modeller

Posted 25 May 2022
Key knowledge and tasks

"Makeing models and drawings."

City	Education	Experience	Knowledge	Gross salary / year
Amsterdam	Bachelors Degree	0-1 Year	Intermediate	€24,600 EUR

ECONOMY / Netherlands

Netherlands has a very open and prosperous economy. It mostly depends on foreign trade.

The main industries in Netherlands are petroleum refining, food processing, electrical machinery, and chemicals.

The largest companies in Netherlands are Royal Dutch Shell Group (Oil & gas), ING Group (Financial), Fortis (Financial), ABN-Amro Holding (Banking), Aegon (Insurance), Philips Group (Conglomerates), EADS (Aerospace & defense), and Mittal Steel (Materials).